Introduction

Are you passionate about dermatological advancements, a healthcare provider seeking evidence-based treatment options, or an individual navigating chronic skin conditions? Look no further—this pivotal review on phototherapy is an essential resource! Since Nobel Prize-winner Niels Ryberg Finsen pioneered modern phototherapy in 1903, this therapeutic approach has undergone remarkable refinement, emerging as a cornerstone in managing dozens of skin disorders.

From widely prevalent conditions like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis to rare diagnoses such as granuloma annulare and cutaneous T cell lymphoma, phototherapy consistently delivers impressive remission rates. The article delves into critical details: the different types of phototherapy, tailored protocols for specific diseases, proven indications, potential side effects, and key contraindications. Whether you’re researching clinical applications or seeking insights for personal health, this comprehensive analysis offers actionable knowledge. Ready to explore the full scope of phototherapy’s role in dermatology? Visit PMC to access the complete study!

Since its introduction in 1903, modern phototherapy has become a widely accepted and refined therapeutic method in dermatology, offering significant benefits for a diverse range of skin conditions. Typically used as a second or third-line treatment for severe or refractory cases, it has demonstrated satisfactory remission rates for disorders including psoriasis vulgaris, parapsoriasis, lichen planus, atopic dermatitis, neonatal jaundice, vitiligo, granuloma annulare, and cutaneous T cell lymphoma, among others.

Phototherapy leverages ultraviolet (UV) radiation—encompassing UVA and UVB wavelengths—and is categorized into four main types: Narrow Band UVB (NB-UVB), Broadband UVB (BB-UVB), UVA (UVA 1), and Psoralen UVA (PUVA), each with specialized administration protocols. UV radiation exerts multiple biological effects, such as inducing mast cell apoptosis, stimulating melanogenesis, and exerting immunosuppressive actions by reducing dendritic cell activity and T cell activation.

While phototherapy’s therapeutic value is substantial, it is not without risks. Short-term side effects may include erythema, xerosis, pruritus, and photoconjunctivitis, while long-term concerns involve photoaging (e.g., wrinkling, telangiectasia) and photocarcinogenesis (e.g., skin cancers, cataracts)—with PUVA carrying the highest carcinogenic risk. Absolute contraindications, such as photosensitive systemic diseases (e.g., lupus erythematosus), prior skin cancer, and pregnancy (for PUVA), restrict its use in select patients.

This review synthesizes current recommendations for phototherapy in dermatology, identifies the most suitable phototherapy types for specific conditions, and emphasizes its critical role in managing disorders associated with significant remission potential. Adherence to established protocols and treatment guidelines is highlighted as key to maximizing efficacy while minimizing adverse effects.